FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA ANAK USIA 6-24 BULAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/majalahkesehatan.2022.009.03.3Keywords:
Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif, Covid-19, Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD), prelaktealAbstract
Pemberian ASI secara eksklusif dianjurkan dilakukan selama 6 bulan pertama kelahiran. Selama masa pandemi Covid-19 prevalensi pemberian ASI eksklusif dilaporkan mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional di Desa Kedungsari, Kecamatan Tarokan, Kabupaten Kediri pada bulan Januari Tahun 2022. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 104 anak usia 6 -24 bulan dan responden penelitian yaitu ibu dari subjek penelitian. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif, karakteristik ibu, karakteristik ayah, riwayat persalinan, Berat Badan Lahir (BBL), Panjang Badan Lahir (PBL), praktik Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD), praktik pemberian makan prelakteal, kebiasaan minum dengan dot, kebiasaan minum susu formula, kebiasaan minum selain ASI dan susu formula, serta riwayat infeksi Covid-19 pada keluarga. Data dianalisis dengan teknik univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji korelasi dan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah praktik IMD dan pemberian makan prelakteal (p = 0,015; OR = 6,232 dan p < 0,001; OR = 0,034). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) dan pemberian makanan prelakteal berhubungan dengan praktik ASI eksklusif.
References
World Health Organization (WHO). Breastfeeding [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Laporan Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2017. [Internet]. 2018. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2020/10/21/2111/laporan-survei-demografi-dan-kesehatan-indonesia.html.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2020. Jakarta: Indonesia. 2021.
Rollins NC, Bhandari N, Hajeebhoy N, Horton S, Lutter CK, Martines JC, et al. Why Invest , and What It Will Take to Improve Breastfeeding Practices?. Lancet. 2016; 387(10017):491–504.
Eglash A, Montgomery A, Wood J. Breastfeeding. 2008. P. 343–411.
Walsh SM, Cordes L, Mccreary L, Norr KF. Effects of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding on Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices of Mothers in Rural Haiti. J Pediatr Health Care. 2019; 33(5):561-567. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.02.010.7.
Neovita Study Group. Timing of Initiation, Patterns of Breastfeeding, and Infant Survival : Prospective Analysis of Pooled Data from Three. Lancet Glob Heal. [Internet]. 2016; 4(4):e266–75. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)00040-1
Saeed OB, Haile ZT, Chertok IA. Association between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Infant Health Outcomes in Pakistan. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020; 50:e62–8.
Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, França GVA, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st Century: Epidemiology , Mechanisms, and Lifelong Effect. Lancet. 2016; 387(january 30):475–90.
Park S, Lee H. Exclusive Breastfeeding and Partial Breastfeeding Reduce the Risk of Overweight in Childhood: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study in Korea. Obes Res Clin Pract. [Internet]. 2018; 12(2):222–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2018.01.001.
Ra JS, Kim SO. Beneficial Effects of Breastfeeding on the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome among Postmenopausal Women. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). [Internet]. 2020; 14(3):173–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2020.07.003.
Cresswell JA, Ganaba R, Sarrassat S, Somé H, Diallo AH, Cousens S, et al. The Effect of the Alive & Thrive Initiative on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Rural Burkina Faso: a Repeated Cross-Sectional Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. Lancet Glob Heal. [Internet]. 2019; 7(3):e357–65. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30494-7.
Chipojola R, Chiu H, Hasanul M, Lin Y, Kuo S. International Journal of Nursing Studies Effectiveness of Theory-Based Educational Interventions on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. [Internet]. 2020; 109:103675. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103675
Tawia S, Bailey C, Mcguire E, James J. Breastfeeding: Australian Breastfeeding Association Volunteers are Positive Deviants in Australian Society. Women and Birth. [Internet]. 2020; 33(4):e385–90. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.09.001.
Ashwini S, Katti SM, Mallapur MD. Comparison of Breast Feeding Practices among Urban and Rural Mothers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Med Public Heal. 2014; 4(1):120–4.
Islam M, Kabir R. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Early Cessation of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Noakhali, Bangladesh: A Mixed-Method Study. J Pediatr Nurs. [Internet]. 2021; 58:e44–53. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.12.017.
Getaneh D, Worku C, Mariam TG, Fetene S, Sisay E. Heliyon Non-Exclusive Breast Feeding and Its Factors in the First 6-Month Life of Infants among Mother-Infant Pairs of 6–12 Months in Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Heliyon. [Internet]. 2021; 7(April):e06922. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06922.
Lambelet V, Ceulemans M, Nordeng H, Favre G, Horsch A, Stojanov M. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Swiss Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women – a Cross-Sectional Study Covering the First Pandemic Wave. Swiss Med Wkly. 2021 Sep 17; 151:w30009. doi: 10.4414/smw.2021.w30009.
Butler MS, Young SL, Tuthill EL. Perinatal Depressive Symptoms and Breastfeeding behaviors : A Systematic Literature Review and Biosocial Research Agenda American Academy of Pediatrics. J Affect Disord [Internet]. 2021; 283(November 2020):441–71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.080
Peven K, Purssell E, Taylor C, Bick D, Lopez VK. Breastfeeding Support in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Secondary Analysis of National Survey Data. Midwifery. 2020 Mar;82:102601. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.102601. Epub 2019 Dec 10.
Fikawati S, Syafiq A. Penyebab Keberhasilan dan Kegagalan Praktik Pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Kesmas Natl Public Heal J. 2009;4(3):120.
Mohan N, Awasthi S. Breastfeeding Practices for Newborns Among Urban Poor in Lucknow, Northern India: A Prospective Follow-Up Study. CEGH Clin Epidemiol Glob Heal. [Internet]. 2013; 2(2):66–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2013.03.003.
Mattar L, Hobeika M, Karen R, Salameh P, Issa C. Determinants of Exclusive and Mixed Breastfeeding Durations and Risk of Recurrent Illnesses in Toddlers Attending Day Care Programs Across Lebanon. J Pediatr Nurs. [Internet]. 2019; 45:e24–34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.12.015.
Zarshenas M, Zhao Y, Scott JA. Determinants of Breastfeeding Duration in Shiraz , Southwest Iran. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 13; 17(4):1192. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041192
Inoue M, Binns CW. Introducing Solid Foods to Infants in the Asia Pacific Region. Nutrients. 2014 Jan 6; 6(1):276-88.doi: 10.3390/nu6010276.
Ludvigsson JF. Breastfeeding Intentions, Patterns, and Determinants in Infants Visiting Hospitals in La Paz, Bolivia. BMC Pediatrics. 2003; 3(5).
Salem A, Shahrani A. Does COVID-19 Policy Affect Initiation and Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding ? A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2022; 15:27-36.
Rogers IS, Emmett PM, Gelding J. The Incidence and Duration of Breast Feeding. Early Hum Dev. 1997; 49 Suppl:S45-74. doi: 10.1016/s0378-3782(97)00053-4.
Piankusol C. Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Practices under Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand : A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 18;18(16):8729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168729.
Pani W. Hubungan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini dan Rawat Gabung dengan Produksi Air Susu Ibu pada Postpartum di RSU Anutapura Palu. Jurnal Bidan Cerdas. 2019;1(2):87–93.
Maryunani A. Inisiasi Menyusui Dini: Asi Eksklusif dan Manajemen Laktasi. Trans Info Media. 2012.
Ningsih M. Keajaiban Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD). Jurnal Ilmiah Sangkareang Mataram. 2021; 8(1):1–15.
Pemo K, Phillips D, Hutchinson AM. Midwives ’ perceptions of barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in Bhutan : A qualitative study. Women and Birth. 2020; 33(4):e377–84. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.07.003.
Saptarini I. Determinan Pemberian ASI eksklusif: Analisis Data Sekunder Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012. Determinant of Exclusive Breastfeeding : Secondary Data Analysis Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2012. J Kesehat Reproduksi. 2014; 5(1):15–21.
Brown A. Maternal Restraint and External Eating Behaviour are Associated with Formula Use or Shorter Breastfeeding Duration. Appetite. 2014; 76:30–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.12.022.
Demir F, Ghosh P, Liu Z. Effects of Motherhood Timing , Breastmilk Substitutes and Education on the Duration of Breastfeeding: Evidence from Egypt. World Dev. 2020; 133:105014. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105014.
Col L, Chandra S, Amit C. Knowledge of Breastfeeding Practices in Doctors and Nurses : A Questionnaire-Based Survey. Med J Armed Forces India. 2018; 74(3):217–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2016.11.015.
Oyelana O, Kamanzi J, Richter S. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences A Critical Look at Exclusive Breastfeeding in Africa : Through the Lens of Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Int J Africa Nurs Sci. 2021; 14:100267. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100267.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Majalah Kesehatan FKUB
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
