PENGARUH DETERMINAN PSIKOSOSIAL TERHADAP PERILAKU KEPATUHAN PENGOBATAN PADA PENDERITA DIABATES MELITUS TIPE 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/majalahkesehatan.2025.012.01.2Keywords:
diabetes melitus tipe 2, faktor psikososial, perilaku kepatuhan pengobatanAbstract
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan penyakit kronis yang membutuhkan pengelolaan mandiri secara berkesinambungan. Kepatuhan pengobatan merupakan bagian penting dari pengelolaan mandiri untuk meningkatkan kontrol metabolik sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil pengelolaan diabetes. Faktor psikososial, seperti pengetahuan, koping, distres, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan perawat merupakan determinan perilaku kepatuhan pengobatan dengan hasil yang inkonsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor psikososial terhadap perilaku kepatuhan pengobatan pada penderita DMT2. Desain penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan cross-sectional design. Sampel berjumlah 138 responden yang diambil secara multistage random sampling. Faktor psikososial sebagai variabel independen, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah perilaku kepatuhan pengobatan. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner (SKILLD, coping scale, DDS, HDFSS, dukungan perawat, dan MMAS) yang sudah valid dan reliabel, serta dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial dengan uji regresi liner berganda. Hasil menunjukkan 58,68% responden mempunyai kepatuhan pengobatan yang rendah. Pengetahuan, distres, dukungan keluarga, dukungan perawat dalam kategori sedang (58,70%; 69,57%; 53,62%; 63,77%). Sedangkan koping berada dalam kategori rendah (68,84%). Analisis inferensial menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan, koping, distres, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan perawat secara simultan berpengaruh sebesar 43,9% terhadap perilaku kepatuhan pengobatan (F = 22.456; p = 0,001; adjusted R2 = 0,439). Secara parsial, hanya pengetahuan dan koping yang mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku kepatuhan pengobatan (t = 3,788; t = 8,299; p = 0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah faktor psikososial merupakan determinan perilaku kepatuhan pengobatan penderita DMT2. Oleh karena itu, upaya peningkatan perilaku kepatuhan pengobatan oleh tenaga kesehatan hendaknya dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan faktor psikososial, terutama peningkatan pengetahuan dan koping sehingga dapat meningkatkan pengelolaan mandiri DMT2 sebagai bagian tatalaksana diabetes secara komprehensif.
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