ANALISIS DETERMINAN STUNTING MENURUT WILAYAH GEOGRAFI DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2018
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.majalahkesehatan.2020.007.04.4Keywords:
determinan, Indonesia, Sistem Informasi Geografis, stuntingAbstract
Indonesia memiliki prevalensi stunting sangat tinggi menurut WHO. Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia dengan keanekaragaman suku bangsa. Perbedaan kondisi geografis dan budaya memberikan kontribusi yang berbeda-beda terhadap prevalensi stunting di setiap daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara determinan langsung dan tidak langsung dengan persentase stunting di Indonesia pada tingkat provinsi melalui pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Data dikumpulkan dari data publik resmi, yang kemudian dilakukan uji korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear berganda. Pemetaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan software ArcGIS 10.7 sehingga dihasilkan peta tematik yang mewakili variabel terikat dan variabel bebas. Hasil meneunjukkan bahwa persentase populasi di bawah kemiskinan (r = 0,431, p = 0,011), persentase imunisasi dasar lengkap (r = -0,485, p = 0,004), persentase ibu hamil dengan tablet tambah darah (r = -0,341, p = 0,048), dan rasio puskesmas (r = -0,439, p = 0,009) memiliki hubungan negatif terhadap stunting kecuali kemiskinan. Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap dan rasio puskesmas per kecamatan merupakan faktor determinan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap stunting. Peta tematik yang dihasilkan menunjukkan adanya variasi di setiap provinsi. Studi ini membuktikan bahwa stunting berhubungan dengan banyak faktor. Maka, pemerintah perlu mempertimbangkan faktor determinan yang menjadi karakteristik dari masing-masing provinsi dalam upaya pencegahan stunting, sehingga program pencegahan stunting dapat berjalan dengan maksimal.
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