Tinjauan Literatur : PERAN ASTAXANTHIN PADA LUKA BAKAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.majalahkesehatan.2020.007.04.7Keywords:
antioksidan, astaxanthin, luka bakarAbstract
Luka bakar merupakan kerusakan pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh panas berlebihan atau bahan kimia kaustik. Beberapa faktor seperti iskemia, stres oksidatif, inflamasi, dan kematian sel (nekrosis atau apoptosis), berkontribusi pada konversi luka bakar dini, yang merupakan perubahan progresif pada zona peri lesi yang mencakup zona stasis dan hiperemia. Meskipun inflamasi merupakan faktor penting dalam penyembuhan luka, namun juga dapat menghambat proses penyembuhan. Reaksi inflamasi akut berkepanjangan didominasi oleh neutrofil dan makrofag, dapat menyebabkan peningkatan level sitokin proinflamasi, yang mengakibatkan degradasi kolagen dan apoptosis keratinosit, perlekatan neutrofil pada endotel vena menghasilkan mikrovaskular yang berbahaya, dan produksi oksigen radikal bebas yang mengakibatkan gangguan membran plasma, ikatan silang dan putusnya ikatan DNA, serta fragmentasi peptida. Stres oksidatif pada luka bakar dapat ditekan dengan senyawa antioksidan seperti astaxanthin.  Astaxanthin merupakan antioksidan alami yang memberikan efek perlindungan melawan konversi luka bakar dengan menurunkan stres oksidatif terkait radikal bebas, meredakan inflamasi pada tahap awal luka bakar dan mengurangi apoptosis sel di zona stasis. Oleh karena, perlu diulas lebih lanjut mengenai peran astaxanthin pada luka bakar.
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