Tinjauan Literatur : EFEK ASTAXANTHIN PADA ANGIOGENESIS DAN JARINGAN GRANULASI LUKA BAKAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.majalahkesehatan.2020.07.02.8Keywords:
angiogenesis, astaxanthin, jaringan granulasi, luka bakar, penyembuhan lukaAbstract
Penyembuhan luka adalah proses yang kompleks dan dinamis. Luka bakar merupakan jenis luka yang unik karena memerlukan interaksi antara sel dan jaringan yang berbeda dengan berbagai sinyal intraseluler dan ekstraseluler. Luka bakar menghasilkan radikal bebas yang lebih tinggi dibanding luka lain. Konsentrasi radikal bebas yang rendah diperlukan untuk memulai proses perbaikan normal. Dalam proses ini, angiogenesis sangat penting untuk penyembuhan luka bakar. Sinyal radikal bebas mengatur pembentukan pembuluh darah baru yang ditandai dengan pembentukan jaringan granulasi. Antioksidan diperlukan untuk menunjang proses ini dengan menghambat reaksi oksidasi dengan mengikat radikal bebas dan molekul yang sangat reaktif, sehingga kerusakan sel akan terhambat. Astaxanthin (ATX) merupakan antioksidan poten yang bersifat larut lemak. Astaxanthin memiliki aktivitas penetralan radikal bebas oksigen tunggal dan berpotensi dalam perlindungan dari peroksidasi lipid. Dosis kecil ATX dapat menurunkan kadar radikal bebas dan dosis yang lebih tinggi semakin meningkatkan penurunan regulasi ini. Peningkatan dosis ATX lebih lanjut akan mengurangi apoptosis sel di zona stasis dengan mempengaruhi jalur apoptosis yang terkait mitokondria. Peran astaxanthin ini sangat penting dimulai dari tahap inisiasi angiogenesis yang menstimulasi faktor pertumbuhan, sehingga meningkatkan jaringan granulasi. Hal tersebut didukung dengan sifat antiinflamasi dari astaxanthin, sehingga penyembuhan luka bakar lebih baik.
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