EKSTRAK DAUN Nicotiana tabacum MENURUNKAN BERAT LEMAK VISCERAL PADA TIKUS DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE DUA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.majalahkesehatan.2017.004.04.2Abstract
Abstrak
Diabetes mellitus merupakan masalah utama kesehatan di dunia dan prevalensinya selalu meningkat. Pada dosis yang tepat kandungan nikotin dari ekstrak etanol daun tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) memiliki efek hipoglikemik sehingga berpeluang sebagai terapi alternatif untuk diabetes mellitus. Namun, efeknya pada jaringan adipose penderita diabetes mellitus belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun tembakau terhadap berat lemak visceral tikus model diabetes mellitus. Pada penelitian ini tikus galur Wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (K-), kelompok tikus model diabetes mellitus (K+), dan tiga kelompok tikus diabetes melitus yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun tembakau 90 (P1), 180 (P2) dan 270 (P3) mg/kgBB/hari per oral selama 28 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan bermakna berat lemak pada semua kelompok tikus DM yang diberi ekstrak daun tembakau dibandingkan dengan tikus DM tanpa terapi maupun tikus normal (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah pemberian ekstrak etanol daun tembakau menurunkan berat lemak visceral pada tikus model DM. Penurunan berat lemak visceral kemungkinan disebabkan oleh kandungan nikotin dalam ekstrak yang dapat mengaktivasi lipolisis, menghambat lipogenesis, aktivasi thermogenesis, dan penurunan intake makan.
Â
Kata kunci: berat lemak visceral, diabetes mellitus, daun tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum).References
International Diabetes Federation. (Online). 2015. http://www.idf.org. Diakses 20 Maret 2017.
Tendra, H. Segala Sesuatu yang Harus Anda Ketahui Tentang Diabetes. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. 2008.
Choi SM, Tucker DF, Gross DN, Easton RM, DiPilato LM, Dean AS, Monks BR, and Birnbaum MJ. Insulin Regulates Adipocyte Lipolysis via An Akt-Independent Signaling Pathway. Mol Cell Biol. 2010; 30(21): 5009–5020.
Andayani TM, Ibrahim MIM, dan Asdie AH. The Effect of Combination Therapy of Sulfonylurea, Metformin, and Acarbose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Majalah Farmasi Indonesia. 2009; 20(4):224 – 230.
Diabetes Medication Side Effects. (Online). 2017. http://www.diabetes.co.uk. Diakses 13 Mei 2017.
Kazeem MI, Ogungbe SM, Saibu GM, Aboyade OM. In vitro Study on the Hypoglicemic Potential of Nicotiana tabacum Leaf Extracts. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2014; 9:140-145.
Hosseini E. The Effect of Nicotine on the Serum Level of Insulin in Adult Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology. 2011; 5(10):215-218.
Donnelly KL, Smith CI, Schwarzenberg SJ, et al. Sources of Fatty Acids Stored in Liver and Secreted Via Lipoproteins in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Invest. 2005; 115:1343–1351.
Guyton and Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th Edition.Singapore: Elsevier. 2014. P 1027.
Taskinen MR. Lipoprotein Lipase in Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1987; 3(2):551-70.
Doolittle DJ, Winegar R, Lee CK, Caldwell WS, Hayes AW, de Bethizy JD. The Genotoxic Potential of Nicotine and Its Major Metabolites. Mutat Res. 1995; 344:95–102.
Run-Hua Liu, Masanari M., and Matsukura S. The Expression and Functional Role of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Rat Adipocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004; 310:52–58.
Dani JA, De Biasi M. Cellular Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2001; 70:439–446.
Tweed JO, Hsia SH, Lutfy K, and Friedman TC.The Endocrine Effects of Nicotine and Cigarette Smoke. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 23(7): 334–342.
Genetic Home Reference. LPL Gene. (Online). 2017. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov. Diakses 22 Maret 2017.
Thorat JS, Joshi AG, Wingkar KC, and Sontakke AV. Effect of Smokeless Tobacco Consumption on Lipid Profile. RJPBCS. 2014; 5(6):1260-1266.
Andersson K, Arner P. Cholinoceptor- Mediated Effects on Glycerol Output from Human Adipose Tissue using In Situ Microdialysis. Br J Pharmac. 1995; 115:1155-1162.
Andersson K and Arner P. Systemic Nicotine Stimulates Human Adipose
Tissue Lipolysis Through Local Cholinergic and Catecholaminergic Receptors. Int J Obes 2001; 25(8):1225-1232.
Sztalryd C, Hamilton J, Horwitz BA, Johnson P, Kraemer FB. Alterations of Lipolysis and Lipoprotein Lipase in Chronically Nicotine-Treated Rats. Am J Physiol. 1996; 270(2 Pt 1):E215-23.
An Z, Wang H, Song P, Zhang M, Geng X, Zou MH. Nicotine-Induced Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibits Fatty Acid Synthase in 3T3L1 Adipocytes: a Role for Oxidant Stress. J Biol Chem. 2007; 282(37):26793-801.
MartÃnez de Morentin PB, Whittle AJ, et al. Nicotine Induces Negative Energy Balance Through Hypothalamic AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Diabetes. 2012; 61:807– 817.
Yoshida T, Sakane N, Umekawa T, et al. Nicotine Induces Uncoupling Protein 1 in White Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999; 23:570 –575.
Arai K, Kim K, Kaneko K, et al. Nicotine Infusion Alters Leptin and Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA Expression in Adipose Tissues of Rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 280:E867–E876.
Mizobe F, Livett BG. Nicotine Stimulates Secretion of Both Catecholamines and Acetylcholinesterase from Cultured Adrenal Chromaffin Cells. J Neurosci. 1983; 3(4):871-6.
Harms M and Seale P. Brown and Beige Fat: Development, Function and Therapeutic Potential.Nature Medicine2013; 19: 1253-1262.
Mineur YS, Abizaid A, Rao Y, Salas R, DiLeone RJ, Gündisch D, Diano S, De Biasi M, Horvath TL, Gao XB, Picciotto MR. Nicotine Decreases Food Intake Through Activation of POMC Neurons. Science. 2011; 332:1330–1332.
Huang H, Xu Y, van den Pol AN.Nicotine Excites Hypothalamic Arcuate Anorexigenic Propiomelanocortin Neurons and Orexigenic Neuropeptide Y Neurons: Similarities and Differences. J Neurophysiol. 2011; 106:1191–1202.
Lisa AP and Johnsen S. Smoking Cessation, Obesity and Weight Concerns in Back Women: A Call Culturally Competent Interventions. Original Communication. Journal of National Medical Association. 2005; 97(12):1630-30.1638.
